Summer Drawing Project - Lesson 19

“I’ll call you plum and you can call me pudding”

The human figure is a three-dimensional, rounded form. Last week’s lesson looked at it as a ‘frozen’ still, two dimensional image. To build up drawing skills towards being able to draw figures as if they are three dimensional, we’re going to take a slight detour this week and look at ways of drawing simple 3D forms to give them depth and rounded surfaces. Then perhaps be bold enough to do our self-portrait later!

 

You will already have used shading to suggest the curved surface of cylindrical shapes in an earlier lesson. This will be quite similar except you will now be recording a surface that curves in both directions. Look for a simple rounded form – such as a piece of fruit or an egg shell. Choose a very smooth curved surface without irregularities if possible. I enjoyed drawing egg shells as it was soothing to try to create such a smooth and perfect rounded surface.

Try different media to discover ones you feel you can control to make a very gradual gradient – initially in a smooth tonal strip.

 

The tonal strip above was made with a charcoal pencil, varying pressure and layers in different directions of mark.

 

The tonal strip above was made with a fine pen. Variations of pressure is not possible with this implement so layers of lines in opposite directions (called cross hatching) and spacing of lines were the only possible methods of suggesting tonal grading.

The tonal strip above was made using the edge of a short length of oil pastel, by varying pressure and the width of mark by twisting the pastel.

Work near a strong light source – a window or lamp. Start by drawing the outline shape, remembering earlier lessons on hints to help you draw arcs and curved lines. Note the direction of the light source and look for darker areas on the opposite sides away from the light. Also not shadows cast by you shape. If drawing a few shapes together in a group, you’ll probably also notice that they will cast shadows onto a neighbouring surface. Even though these surfaces were smooth, showing the marks of the cross-hatching is a finish you might prefer in these two drawings below.

   

The tonal grading in the drawing below has been made by rubbing away some of the charcoal shading to soften the edges of the shading. A finger was used to gently and subtly suggest the shading on the outside of the shell. Careful not to add too much ‘smudging’ as a drawing can look ‘dirty’.

Now choose a rounded form that has some texture. I chose a lemon and a walnut.

It’s early autumn as I’m writing this so apples and plums are in abundance in my part of the world. I was amused by one of Tracy Emin’s drawings of plums which is where I found my quote from Tracey’s gran – “I’ll call you plum and you can call me pudding”. I realise that this little drawing I did isn’t a 3D drawing but I thought you might be amused to see it. I prepared the page first with a piece of ripped tissue paper (see lesson 17)  then a pink wash. When dry, I made a very simple pen drawing of two halves of a plum and added her gran’s quote.

Now to look at ways of drawing plums that look rounded and curved. Notice that some of the pages have been pre-tinted with a pale colour wash or a tea bag sepia tint.

  

Use a pencil to make ‘scribbly’ lines that suggest the rounded surface and shadows in the dips.

Use a chunky paint brush to stipple the darker tones.

Use a pen to make little blocks of lines that overlap each other and build up the tine in the darker areas – not forgetting any shadows you might see.

    

Use coloured pens of crayons to build up darker tones and leave voids to suggest the light tones.

 

Use the side of a crayon, such as oil pastel. Vary the pressure to make dark and light variations of tone.

  

I’ve made a short YouTube video to show how to make the painted highlights as shown above right.

If the above link doesn’t work, try this - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xd5AGPFXufk

 

 

 

 

Summer Drawing Project – Lesson 17

Ways to figure this out!

It’s a huge challenge to draw figures so I’ve devised a simple way to get you started. It’s called ‘deluxe tracing’. But forget the tedious maps you used to trace in geography and have fun with ‘scribbled’ tracing – the deluxe way to help you make a start on drawing complicated subjects such as faces and figures.

First of all, find photographs of figures that are slightly smaller than your sketchbook page. You might find these in a newspaper, magazine, or print them out yourself from your computer. I started by using sports figures that were open silhouettes, with arms and legs showing and not ‘bundled together’.

Then I printed out some family pics of two little great-nieces (or grieces as we call them). The thin ‘everyday’ printer paper is ideal for this method so don’t use glossy, expensive paper. These poses showed plenty of space around the limbs which made drawing them much easier and gave more exciting results – with drawings full of action.

 

You are going to turn the backs of these images into transferrable surfaces, so a little experimentation is needed first to find out the best medium to use. Scribble solid blocks of different types of dry media onto a scrap piece of paper.

 

Above from the left are blocks of black pastel/chalk, oil pastel, graphite stick and a soft water-soluble pencil on the right. All worked well. A biro was used to scribble on the reverse side to transfer the scribble lines onto a plain paper below. You can see the indents made by my scribbled biro lines in the paper above and the transferred scribbled lines in the lower line of ‘trials’.

A biro was used to scribble on the reverse side to transfer the scribble lines onto a plain paper below. You can see the indents made by my scribbled biro lines in the paper above and the transferred scribbled lines in the lower line of ‘trials’.

I decided to use oil pastels for all my transferred drawings this week and a found a well-sharpened hard pencil to do the drawing.

Place your photograph onto your sketchbook page and hold it with small bits of sticky tape ( masking tape) I also found it useful to drawing little alignment markers on the page just incase you needed to re-locate the photo on top of your image. If you’re anything like me, you’ll want to peep to see how it looks and then can’t re-locate it in the right place!

The three drawings above of the football player were done by moving the photo along the sketchbook page and making another drawing. If your lines start to become feint, you can always apply more crayon on the reverse of the photo.Try different lines to make your drawing -

Try a minimal drawing, around the outline

Try drawing internal lines, particularly to suggest the way the figure is moving and stretching.

Try drawing only external lines and maybe acknowledging a background pattern or emphasising the feeling of movement. The different areas of lines below follow the direction of the edge of the body. You can see the indented lines showing on the reverse of the photo in the left image below. These were made as a result of all the transferred drawings of this figure above and below.

Instead of adding more black to the reverse of the photo to carry on doing more transferred images, I added red oil pastel to only the negatives areas around the figure – see below right. I then did another transfer drawing – this time by scribbling all over the entire reverse surface and produced the image below left.

You can have fun with making different colourful arrangements on the reverse of your photo. I chose a different footballer and put coloured stripes on the reverse to acknowledge his team stripes. It’s fun to see that the different colours appear unexpectedly. A more lively, relaxed scribbled style of drawing in this one too.

 

You can also experiment with different ‘points’ to transfer the media. The figure below was drawn with the point of a hard pencil as before and the background areas were made with the opposite end of the pencil and a rounded shape. These made soft transferred effects which might be useful to contrast with sharper, harder lines.

You can make a composition by overlapping your figures or even combining more than one on a page. You can tilt your photo and use just part of it if you wish. Try using different methods of drawing together in your composition. The page below is composed of the same figure and colours but some drawings are linear and some have scribbled negative spaces. It was fun to try to make a drawing appear to be of several figures and was full of movement that complemented the movement in the initial figure.

Now try with some of your own photos. Print them out onto cheap, printer paper and make sure they are the right size for your sketchbook page. I coloured the reverse of this photo of Amelie and Beatrice with pinks as, being 4 and 7, they are a very ‘pink’ pair of little girls.

 

Try adding little dots to suggest shadows.

I then chose a more active image of Bea, firstly drawing just the outlines and some of the simpler internal lines lines. Again, I used reds and pinks with a touch of yellow for her blond hair.

I then replaced the photo and added in more lines – this time to suggest the ground.

Two further ways of adding interest to the negative spaces around the figure. My favourite is the right one below as this suggests lots of movement which suits Bea as she never stops!

 

You can do quite a few transfer drawings without having to replenish the colour on the reverse. Whatever colour you add on the top layer will be the dominant one to transfer. A blue oil pastel was added to the ‘pink’ surface below.

Why not try adding some low relief to your page surface before you transfer your drawing? The right hand page below was painted with bands of gesso and the drawing was made when this was completely dried.

Ripped strips of masking tape were added to this page before the transfer drawing. It isn’t very successful as the colour doesn’t seem to show up very well on the tape. I then tried some crumpled tissue paper and this worked better. Try some ideas yourself – perhaps looking back to the previous lessons for ideas.

Stages of making the crumpled tissue surface -

Crumple a piece of white tissue paper and paint your page (not the tissue) with PVA glue.

Press tissue gently onto the glue surface but arrange with just fine creases.

Press harder so the tissue is adhered to the page surface, showing fine lines of the crease without any air pockets.

  

Rip excess tissue away and make sure edges are fully attached.

Make your drawing when the glue has dried.

You might like to try adding a touch of ‘sepia’ to the edges of your tissue. A tea bag does this well. Pour hot water onto a teabag and when it cools, use it to dab a tint of sepia to make a gentle border.

  

Next weeks lesson will be posted on Monday 7th September. Look forward to seeing you there!

 

 

 

Summer Drawing Project – Lesson 16

Finding your own rhythm

Take a look around you and notice where you might find rhythmical lines for inspiration, similar to those you’ve been drawing in the previous lessons. I’ve noticed some wonderful rhythmical ripples in the sea and sand in my recent seaside holiday. I also saw swathes of ripe corn in the fields that the train passed alongside. Back home, I noticed groups of stems and grasses in the over-grown garden.

Use whatever ways you like of making your rhythmical marks. Drawing media such as pen, pencil, crayon or inks could be used to make your marks directly onto the page. Or you might like to work with the layered media of ‘sgrafitto’ (scratching back).

If you’re working from a photograph, you already have your frame although you might like to crop it down to improve it so it focuses on the rhythmical lines.

If you’re looking through a window, you might like to frame the area of rhythmical lines you are drawing to help you focus on them – stick some paper strips onto the window to make it easier to focus on your rhythm. I’ve stuck two paper ‘L’ shapes to focus on the strong vertical lines of the clump of bamboo on the left and the tangle of fines lines of the clematis on the right.

 

If you’re sitting outdoors, settle yourself into a comfortable position with your drawing media around you. You might even be able to prop up a make-shift window frame to help you focus on your linear rhythms. I’ve clipped two card ‘L’ shapes onto the bird feeder here to make a window to help me focus on the huge clump of long fennel stems and seed heads beyond.

 

Just to remind you, you need to build up two layers of media for the sgrafitto method. The left hand image shows the lower layer of wax crayons and the right hand one, the top layer of chalks. The colour of the lower layer will give you the colour of the scratched lines and the top colour will be the background colour as you can see on the finished drawing below these.

 

  

Scratching the paper surface makes lots of grooves or indentations, depending on what sharp instrument you use. The scratches or striations on the page below was made with the point of a craft knife to suggest the waving rhythmical directions of long grass as it has been swept (or ‘lodged’) by the wind. Soft coloured chalks were rubbed lightly across the surface, sometimes with a finger, to attach colour to the paper burrs.

       

Liquid colour can also be used this way, as you’ll have already discovered. The striations on the page below were made with the craft knife blade and coloured over with water-soluble pencils or sticks and dampened with a wet paint brush. Notice the bonus of the print on the opposite page made when the the book was closed too soon – or maybe not?

 

The tangled mass of lines of the clematis (finished drawing on the right below) was made with a point into the paper surface which had previously been coated with a wax candle. As you’ll appreciate, the colourless wax will keep these areas white, unless scratches are made into the surface, when liquid colour is applied on top. The first stage of adding coloured inks (below left) allowed the sgrafitto lines to show up. More lines and more ink was added to suggest layers of the tangled lines. Notice the exciting ‘print’ made deliberately on the opposite page? This now almost becomes a part of the finished drawing.

 

More drawings below of grasses and stems using vigorous sgrafitto lines.

 

The secret of being able to capture the movement and rhythm is to work quickly and don’t add too much detail. Not everything will work out, but keep going. Look out for ‘happy accidents’ like the print on the opposite page and try to do it again in your next drawing.

Lesson 17 will be published on Monday 1st September, with four more lessons to go. The next series will be a completely different topic as we look at faces and figures. I’m going to start to go ‘digital’!